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胎児認知(Acknowledgment of paternity)

【日本語】

国際結婚の数が増える中、婚姻関係にない男女間に生まれた子供の地位(国籍等)はどうなるのでしょうか?

婚姻関係にある場合

・父母のいずれかが日本人であれば、生まれた子は日本国籍を取得します。

婚姻関係にない場合

・母親が日本人であれば、生まれた子は日本国籍を取得します。

・母親が外国人である場合、生まれた子は母親の外国籍を取得します。

婚姻関係にない男女間で生まれた子に日本国籍を取得させるために「認知」という手続きがあります。「認知」は父親が子に対して行う法的な手続きです。

出生前に認知する場合(胎児認知)

・出生と同時に、子は日本国籍を取得します。

出生後に認知する場合

・出生時点では母親の国籍のため、法務局で日本国籍取得の手続きが必要です。手続きが煩雑のため、必要に応じて、専門家のサポートが必要になります。

ポイント!!

親の都合で子供の地位や国籍を左右すべきではありません。法律婚が望ましいですが、そうでない場合は、せめて出生前の認知(胎児認知)が望ましいと考えます。

【ENGLISH】

With the increase of the number of international marriages, what about the nationality of the coming child?

Married couple

・If either father or mother is Japanese, the child’s nationality is Japanese

Unmarried couple

・If the mother is Japanese, the child’s nationality is Japanese

・If the mother is non-Japanese, the child’s nationality is the same as the mother

Is there any legal procedure to give the Japanese nationality to the coming child?

There is a legal procedure called 「Ninchi」(認知 in Japanese) in Japan.

Ninchi before the birth

・With the birth, the child get the Japanese nationality

Ninchi after the birth

・The child get no Japanese nationality with the birth. So, other legal procedure at legal department in Japan to get the Japanese nationality is required and it normally includes lot more work to do.

POINT!!

Because of the parent convenience, they should not cause the coming child trouble for his/her life. Getting legal marriage is preferrable in Japan, but if not so, Ninchi before the birth to give the child Japanese nationality is the best way if think about the future of the children.

【TAGALOG】

Sa pagdami ng bilang ng internasyonal na kasal, Ano naman ang nasyonalidad ng magiging anak?

Mag-asawa

・Kung ang isa sa magulang ay Hapon, ang nasyonalidad ng magiging anak ay Hapon.

Hindi kasal

・Kung ang ina ay Haponesa, ang nasyonalidad ng magiging anak ay Hapon

・Kung ang ina ay hindi Haponesa, ang magiging anak ay katulad ng nasyonalidad ng ina

Meron bang proseso para mabigyan ng Japanese nasyonalidad ang magiging anak?

Meron ligal na proseso na tinatawag na [Ninchi] sa Japan.

Ninchi bago ang kapanganakan

・Sa kapanganakan, ang anak ang makakakuha ng Japanese nasyonalidad

Ninchi pagtapos ng kapanganakan

・Ang anak ay hindi makakakuha ng nasyonalidad. Kaya kinakailangan ang ligal na proseso sa ligal na departamento sa Japan at kadalasan ito ay mas maraming gawaing gagawin.

PUNTO!!

Dahil sa kaginhawaan ng magulang, Sila ay hindi dapat magbigay ng problema sa magiging anak. Ang ligal na pagpapakasal ay higit na mabuti, kaya kung hindi, Ninchi bago kapanganakan ang pinaka mabuting paraan para mabigyan ng Japanese nasyonalidad ang magiging anak para sa magandang kinabukasan ng magiging anak.